What is spondylolisthesis?
Spondylolisthesis is defined as the forward displacement of one vertebrae over another usually the fifth lumbar on the sacrum or the fourth lumbar vertebrae on the fifth. Symptoms may involve back or leg pain. Some people experience changes in their posture or gait pattern or changes in motion or sensation of the legs.
What causes spondylolisthesis?
A fracture, break or defect of the pars interarticularis, also known as spondylolysis often leads to spondylolisthesis. This defect may be present at birth, occur as the vertebrae develops, or as the result of degeneration or injury. This defect in the pars occurs in 5-8% of the population due to unknown causes.
What treatments are available for spondylolisthesis?
Treatment depends on the amount of slippage, severity of symptoms and age at the time of diagnosis. Non-surgical treatments include activity modification, brace or cast application, physical therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication and periodic monitoring of symptoms or slippage. Surgery may be indicated if there is no response to the non-surgical treatments, there is progressive or severe slippage, development of muscle weakness or changes in bowel or bladder function. Spinal fusion of the affected area is the most common surgery performed.
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