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Spinal fusions are done to treat spines weakened by degeneration or injury. Spinal fusions are also done to treat spinal curvature caused by scoliosis or kyphosis. Fusion occurs when a bone graft is placed at the area of weakness, injury or curvature. Metal (rods, hooks, wires and/or screws) may be implanted at the time of surgery to hold the spine in place until the bone fusion heals and becomes solid. Fusions are done in all levels of the spine from the neck to the low back. Solid fusion of the spine can take from 4-6 months. Spinal fusions are either done from the back of the spine (posterior spinal fusion), the front of the spine (anterior spinal fusion) or a combination of front and back procedures.
A bone graft is usually obtained from the patients own hip bone. This can be done using the same incision made to do the spinal fusion. In some cases, the surgeon will make a second incision to obtain the bone graft. Ribs, sometimes removed as part of the surgery done to correct a spinal curvature, may also be used as a bone graft. Sometimes bone from the leg or bone obtained from donors or a bone bank will be used during a spinal fusion.
What kind of activity can I do after a spinal fusion?
Until the fusion heals it is important to limit the motion of your spine. You will need to avoid bending, twisting and lifting. In some cases the physician may order a collar or brace to further immobilize and protect your spine. These restrictions will be in place until the surgeon sees a solid fusion mass on x-ray. The long term effect on the mobility of your spine after spinal fusion depends on the number and levels of vertebrae fused. Your surgeon will discuss any specific limitations for your surgery. Your physician will advance your level of activity and recommend physical therapy as your healing progresses.
What else can be done to promote the healing of spinal fusions?
Studies have shown that smoking can decrease the success of spinal fusion. It is important that you quit or at least cut down on smoking as soon as you are scheduled to undergo a spinal fusion.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (ibuprofen, Advil, Aleve, Naprosyn) also have been shown to decrease the success of spinal fusion. You will be informed of when to stop these medications prior to surgery and when you may resume using them. Acetaminophen or Tylenol may be used without affect on your spinal fusion.
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